Basic Parts of the Brain and Their Responsibilities

Basic Parts of the Brain and Their Responsibilities The scarecrow needed it, Einstein had an excellent one, and it can store a whole lot of information. What is it you say? Why, the brain of course.  The brain is the control center of the body. Think of a telephone operator who answers incoming calls and directs them to where they need to go. Similarly, your brain acts as an operator by sending messages to and receiving messages from all over the body. The brain processes the information it receives and ensures that  messages are directed to their proper destinations. Neurons The brain is composed of specialized cells called neurons. These cells  are the basic unit of the nervous system. Neurons send and receive messages through electrical impulses and chemical messages. Chemical messages are known as neurotransmitters and they can either inhibit cell activity or cause cells to become excitable.   Brain Divisions The brain is one of the largest and most important organs of the human body. Weighing in at about three pounds, this organ is covered by a three-layered protective membrane called the meninges. The brain  has a wide range of responsibilities. From coordinating our movement to managing our emotions, this organ does it all.  The brain is composed of three main divisions: the forebrain, brainstem, and hindbrain. Forebrain The forebrain is the most complex of the three parts. It gives us the ability to feel, learn, and remember. It consists of two parts: the telencephalon (contains the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum) and the diencephalon (contains the thalamus and hypothalamus). The cerebral cortex allows us to understand the mounds of information we receive from all around us. The left and right regions of the cerebral cortex are separated by a thick band of tissue called the corpus callosum. The thalamus acts as a telephone line of sorts, allowing information to get through to the cerebral cortex. It is also a component of the limbic system,  which  connects areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in sensory perception and movement with other parts of the brain and  spinal cord.  The hypothalamus is important for regulating hormones, hunger, thirst, and arousal. Brainstem The brainstem consists of the midbrain and the hindbrain. Just as the name suggests, the brainstem resembles the stem of a branch. The midbrain is the upper part of the branch that is connected to the forebrain. This region of the brain sends and receives information. Data from our senses, such as the eyes and ears, are sent to this area and then directed to the forebrain. Hindbrain The hindbrain makes up the lower portion of the brainstem and consists of three units. The medulla oblongata controls involuntary functions such as digestion and breathing. The second unit of the hindbrain, the pons, also assists in controlling these functions. The third unit, the cerebellum, is responsible for the coordination of movement. Those of you who are blessed with great hand-eye coordination have your cerebellum to thank. Brain Disorders As you can imagine, all of us desire a brain that is healthy and functions properly. Unfortunately, there are some who suffer from neurological disorders of the brain. A few of these disorders include: Alzheimers disease, epilepsy, sleep disorders,  and Parkinsons disease.

Role of advertising in launching a New Dance school

Role of advertising in launching a New Dance school A dance school is an institution that students interested in dancing can learn more about ballet, including rehearsal. Different dance schools provide a variety of dancing styles. In order to launch a new dance school in the US, it would be necessary to analyze the market. This would include in-depth assessment of various dance schools in the U.S. market, together with products and services offered. The U.S. dance schools offer a variety of classes in hip-hop, tap, jazz and musical theatre dance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of advertising in launching a New Dance school specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Julliard School Based in New York, Julliard is a private dance school managed by President Joseph Polisi. Julliard School has approximately eight hundred colleges, which offers a variety of dances. Since its establishment in 1905, the institution has managed to offer training services to over 800 students in m usic, drama and dance across the US. Researches indicate that Julliard School admission rate for students has increased from 7.6% in the year 2007 to 8.0% in 2009. However, in 2011 Julliard School admitted 5.6% of applicants. The institution has various collections including orchestras, chamber music, and jazz. Julliard School is focused on raising $300,000,000 to enable it sustain the market as regards to performing arts in the new decade. Julliard advertises its services and products in various media for rising awareness, including journals such as those published by Random House and Norton. The New York Public Library also advertises services offered by Julliard School. Nevertheless, the institution has its website that assist in advertising services at the global level that is, https://www.juilliard.edu/. The adverts of this organization normally target undergraduate and graduate students. Ballet San Jose Ballet San Jose is a dance organization that is currently situated in Cali fornia, US. The institution was established with an aim of providing San Jose region with professional skills in dancing that is, in a way that honours the vision of various artists. The ballet offered by this school also aims at meeting the artistic standards, as well as fulfilling cultural requirements of the society it serves. The advert made by this institution normally targets a wider audience. By the year 2007, Ballet San Jose had over 100 traditional and contemporary dances (Giddens 78). Directed by Dennis Nahat, the institution has dancers from various countries, including the U.S., Japan, Canada, Vietnam, and France, among others. Presently, Ballet San Jose has over 450 students. The organization has for long targeted children at risk and young audiences. It advertises its services and products through various media such as New York Times and San Francisco Chronicle. In addition, a number of its advertisements are done via its official website.Advertising Looking fo r essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Roland Dupree Dance Academy Ronald Dupree Dance Academy is situated in Hollywood, US. It has attracted dancers across the world owing to the school’s variety of instructors from various fields including film, television and stage. In partnership with Mary Jean, Roland succeeded to open Dupree Casting that specializes in movie and television dancing. Currently, Roland Dupree Dance Academy has invested in child acting facility referred to as the Youth Academy of Dramatic Arts. Ronald Dupree Dance Academy generally advertises its events and services through the New York Times since they believe it is the most effective medium of advertisement. Strength and weakness Although newspaper and journals are commonly used as mediums of advertisement, they are currently phased out by the internet. Many organizations are presently finding it more resourceful to advertise thei r services via websites since many customers are now accessing it (Dave 12). One of the strengths of advertising services through the media is that they create awareness in the public hence increasing the profitability of the organization. One of the weaknesses is that advertising can be ineffective in case the correct medium is not used. This would amount to losses through the costs of advertising. Dave, Evans. Social Media Marketing: An Hour a Day. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing, 2010. Print. Giddens, Anthony. The Consequences of Modernity. Malden: Blackwell Publishers, 2009. Print.

Extra curricular activities at WCC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Extra curricular activities at WCC - Essay Example In addition, WCC requires students to take courses that address global issues and increase awareness of diversity. For students who already have a strong focus on their goals, Associates degrees are offered that specialize in Administration of Justice, Business Administration, Computer Information Systems, Massage Practitioner, Medical Assisting, Nursing, Paralegal, Physical Therapist Assistant, Early Childhood Education, Education Paraprofessional, and Graphic Design. Each of these degrees requires 90 course credits. For students who don’t want a degree, but instead want to take courses that focus on a narrow choice of occupation, WCC offers 45 credit Certificate courses in Accounting, Business Information Systems, Early Childhood Education, Education Paraprofessional, Medical Assistant, Medical Practice Manager, Network Administrator, Office Administrator, and Technical Support. As you can see, these courses are more for the individual who needs certification for a specific job, or who wants to learn more about a profession in which they may hold an entry level job and are seeking to move to a higher position within their field. This college offers much more than just the opportunity to obtain a degree or a certificate. Many community education programs are offered which target working professionals. These courses are offered during the evenings and on Saturdays and can include cooking, courses to assist small business owners, information to help gardeners, creative writing workshops and even outdoor activities such as fly-tying for local fly fishermen. High School juniors and seniors can take advantage of getting college credits through Washington State’s Running Start Program. This program allows high school students to take college courses during their regular school day in order to get a â€Å"jump-start† on college. Although they have to pay tuition and book costs themselves (or their parents

Students Caught Cheating or Plagiarizing Should Be Dismissed From Essay - 7

Students Caught Cheating or Plagiarizing Should Be Dismissed From College - Essay Example The present research has identified that plagiarism is an academic offense, which occurs when students copy information from materials written by other people and fail to acknowledge by citing and referencing sources of the information. This may be for example lifting texts from the internet and handing it over for marking, or purchasing papers from writers, with the intent of earning higher marks or beating deadlines for handing in their assignments (Harris 2007). Lecturers, who do not take an effort to verify the integrity of the assignments, end up awarding the high marks and believing that their students are bright while in the real sense, the opposite is true. The real essence of writing exams is to establish the capacity of the students and to take stock of the progress made in the course of learning. As such, results based on plagiarized assignments can never offer the right quality of graduates and this may have a negative effect on the kind of workforce a country depends on economic growth. It is therefore imperative to punish students caught cheating or plagiarizing in order to deter others who may be tempted to do the same. Dismissing such students from college is a viable punishment, which should be adopted by all institutions. On the other hand, there are people who feel that dismissing students from college for cheating and plagiarism is an inhumane punishment, especially for first-time offenders. They argue that there are better ways of dealing with such cases, for example failing a student in the affected subject. It is important to understand that not all plagiarism cases are intentional. According to them, students may lack the skills to cite and reference borrowed ideas while conducting research and writing assignments. Such students should not be made to suffer the consequences but should instead be given another chance to do the papers again or revise the mistakes on the marked assignments for a limited number of times after which the decis ion to fail them is reached.  

Vacation plan for a 70 year old man who is dependent on a wheelchair Case Study

Vacation plan for a 70 year old man who is dependent on a wheelchair - Case Study Example Alexander is 70 year old and is dependent on a wheelchair. For a person like him, who enjoys adventure a lot but feels bound because of his immobility, there are still vacations he can take that can be called an adventure of a lifetime. Alexander would be able to travel there without any worries of not having fun, as there exists a comfortable environment that has the provision of a wheelchair amongst many things. For a person who is immobile, and is yet interested in adventurous escapades, this tour should be a lot of fun.Since, Alexander has no money constraints it is relatively easier to find him his perfect vacation.The safari there is disabled friendly. In this tour Alexander would be able to visit many places like the Kruger National Park, Garden Route, Johannesburg, Private Game Reserve, Cape Town and Durban also. Through these places, Alexander would also get access to visit places like Zimbabwe, Namibia and other places in Africa. All this is offered with constant availabili ty of wheelchair and other things useful for Alexander.As far as travel and transportation is concerned this is specialized to provide all disabled people even more comfort.Epic Enabled uses a Mercedes Benz Safari Truck to move around. This is especially been made for the disabled to provide them total safety and comfort.There are even elevated seats with seat belts, for the needs of a disabled person. Inside the Benz Truck, you can move your wheelchairs around also because there are removable seats; however safety has also been taken into hands by having these wheelchairs secured by easy to use tie-downs. These tie-downs are firmly fixed to the structure and body of the truck. Accommodation has also been looked after by providing the options of fully tented camps, cottages and even bungalows. This tour also will provide Alexander and people like him with own bath swivel set, a wheelchair which can be used in the shower and while on commode, and when in case of an emergency these wheelchairs are fitted with handlebars that can be moved. One particular activity of use and interest to Alexander should be the eight day Kruger Safari. This journey in specific will start from Johannesburg. And through the Crocodile Bridge, when going east it will take the travelers to the Park. A total of three days are spent here during which all the travelers will be able to view and interact with wildlife up-close including birds, animals and even plant! This shall include game viewing, early morning drives, evening walks etc. An optional night drive is also available for the more adventurous. The next three days are spent at the Private Game Reserve. Here, world famous wild animals live amongst animal breeding projects. Alexander might even get a chance of viewing up a lion really closely! Dinner is served around a Boma, which is a traditional "forest" small fire around which people gather and sit. A visit to a Research centre for endangered species like the cheetah and wild dogs, and one to a local village are also part of this three day program. The last day will be spent along the Blyde River Canyon, after which Epic Enabled will safely through its vehicle/s take the vacationers to Johannesburg after a great adventurous eight day safari. (Epic Enabled. 2008) Travelers 2 and 3: Mark and Jillian It will be ideal for both Mark and Jillian to visit the Bahamas on their vacation. There are quite a few reasons to support this suggestion and of them, the most important ones are cost-effectiveness, a balance of adventure and relaxation and a great place to have fun. Also, there is considerable support for handicapped people (Kruckemyer, 2005). This is possibly the biggest advantage of visiting the Bahamas and nearby islands: Mark and Jillian both can have fun without worrying about accessibility. According to Kruckemyer, cruises are one of the

Anglo American Model Of Corporate Governance Finance Essay

Anglo American Model Of Corporate Governance Finance Essay Corporate Governance Models In many countries, companies are run mostly for the benefit of the shareholders, the rightful owners 0. However, there are circumstances in which the corporation is also run for the benefit of other interest groups such as customers and employees or the general public at large -1. This is the substantive difference between the two primary models of corporate governance namely the outsider model, which is used in Anglo-American countries such as the United States or United Kingdom 1 and the insider model, which is used predominantly in European countries such as Germany or France 4343. The outsider model, also known as the Anglo American model of corporate governance because it is predominantly used in Anglo American states like the United States and United Kingdom, is consistent with the narrow definition of corporate governance in that it has a bias towards shareholders over other stakeholders in the corporation 2. This bias is justified on the premise that in most instances, other stakeholders have recourse to protect their interests through contractual agreement, whereas the shareholder remains unprotected as corporate decisions and activities cannot be predicted in advance 3. Since the shareholders carry the risk of the investment decisions made by the corporation, it is argued they should have the primary say in corporate governance. The justification for this ideology is that the primary function of a corporation is the creation of wealth 4. Permitting corporations to focus on profit maximizations as their primary function ensures that businesses create economic growth as oppose to dealing with social considerations which distract them from this objective. It has been argued that directors are not sufficiently experienced in balancing social interests with economic ones and as a result to require them to do so would result in an inefficient system, which would not promote the economic welfare of the market. The Anglo American model starkly contrasts to the stakeholder-oriented approach which is commonly associated with European countries such as Germany and France 5. Under this model, corporations must not only take into account the interest of shareholders but also those of a wide range of constituencies, as well as of the communities within which they operate 6. This helps to assure that corporations operate for the benefit of society as a whole and not solely in the interests of its shareholders. Such a system places less emphasis on the interests of shareholders for the benefit of the wider community 7. There are several characteristics which distinguish the Anglo American model from the stakeholder-oriented approach. Those unique to the Anglo American model are discussed below. Responsibility for Corporation Management The effective functioning of a corporation is dependent on the interrelationship and interaction of its various institutions 1. These institutions consist of the board of directors, the executive management and shareholders 2. The shareholders of the corporation are the owners who have financially invested in the corporation and the board of directors, as well as executive management, are responsible for the operation of the corporation 3 . The Anglo American models primary focus is on maximising profits for the benefit of its shareholders 4. This model does not facilitate input into the corporations affairs by other parties nor does it permit the managers of the corporation to prioritize issues, such as employees or the environment, unless they are compatible with the profitability of the corporation 5. The executive management is charged with the responsibility of operating the company with the view to maximising shareholder profit. The essential role of the management team, who is lead by the corporations Chief Executive Officer (CEO), is to perform the day-to day operations of the corporation 5555. The CEO plays a critical role in administering the companys affairs. The CEO chooses the management team and, from a practical perspective, has the final say in many issues relating to the corporation despite the provisions of many corporate statutes and procedures. The Board exists primarily to be an effective corporate governance mechanism for hiring, firing, monitoring and compensating management 6666. The Board, by legislation and corporate by-laws, are delegated a wide variety of responsibilities which enable them to set the companys main objectives and monitor their application by the executive management. The Board of Directors is therefore the main organ of the company and acts as agents for its owners by supervising the actions of the managers. There are two popular forms of boards of directors namely, the unitary (one-tier) and dual (two-tier) boards 6. The Anglo American model favours the unitary board 7. Under this system of management, the number of directors is usually set in the corporations by-laws and they are elected by the shareholders at the AGM for a set period of time, normally a one year term 8. The Board consists of executive directors (EDs), who are considered employees of the corporation, and non-executive directors (NEDs), who tend to be professionals or experts that are independent of the corporation 9. While an EDs sole responsibility is to increase profits for the shareholders, there is a potential risk that their interests may conflict with those of the corporation 10. The function of NEDs is to strike a balance between the interest of the shareholders and EDs 11. As independent third parties, they should have no conflict of interest and are therefore equipped to monitor the performance of the EDs impa rtially to the benefit of the shareholders should EDs try to deviate from their principal objective. The success of the Anglo American model is dependent on the extent to which the Board can effectively supervise the actions of the executive management 12. While legislation and regulations seek to ensure a balance between the two entities, in practice the executive management is by far more powerful than the Board 13. The nature of publicly held companies is that the executive management has a great deal of flexibility in determining how they discharge their responsibilities in attaining the objectives of the corporation 14. To encourage them to do so, they are more often than not enticed with substantial compensation packages with performance based remuneration. It has been argued that such compensation packages encourage the executive management to concentrate on short term results as oppose to the companys overall or long-term interests 15. This problem is further compounded by the dominant role the CEO plays in the relationship between the executive management and the Board. Whi le in board meetings the Board is technically supervising the CEO and his management team, the former have a large degree of control over the meetings. The CEO sets the agenda for board meetings and decides what information is to be provided to other directors. With this sort of control, it is very easy for the CEO to limit the powers of the Board 16. However, over the past few years, the dominance of the CEO has been challenged not only by the increasing influence of the board of directors 17,but also by legislation. A clear example of this can be seen from the requirement for the CEO to certify personally in quarterly and annual SEC reports that as far as they know these contain no untrue statements or omissions of material facts which might mislead shareholders and that the firms financial condition and results have been fairly presented 18. The Rights of Shareholders The ability of a shareholder to exercise its ownership rights and protect its investment is a key to the Anglo American model of corporate governance. Due to the fact that the focus of the Anglo American system focus is on the interest of shareholders, this model tends to focus on the nature of ownership and the ability of that ownership to protect its investment 0. One of the clear challenges which arise from the separation of ownership and management is to strike the right balance between the rights of the owners with the control of the managers 1. There are several mechanisms which the Anglo American model utilises to deal with this issue 2. These come in the form of rights which are afforded to the shareholders which enable them to monitor and control the managers of the corporation 3. The Anglo American model utilizes an outsider/arms length system of ownership and control, where share ownership is widely dispersed. Most of the largest corporations in the US and UK are quoted on the stock market and offer their shares to the general public 4. This sort of dispersed ownership is a main feature of this type of model. According to one study, less than one-fifth of the Britains publicly traded companies have an owner who controls more than 25% of the shares 5. It has been argued that the reason for this is because the general public in these co mmunities prefer not to own a high percentage of equities in large firms 6. Having said so, even countries who share a similar trend in ownerships are not always identical. For example, one major difference between the US and UK in terms of ownership is the stronger presence of institutional shareholders in the UK 7. This trend towards ownership by institutional shareholders has an impact on the efficiency of the Anglo American model. The institutional shareholder represents a large number of smaller investors and therefore has the clout to effectively monitor and address managerial misconduct 8. In the UK context, it has become conventional wisdom that prompting institutional investors to consider their responsibility as an important corporate constituent is an additional way to improve managerial accountability 9. Unfortunately, this has not always been the case primarily because many institutional shareholders are driven by short term strategies which may not have as their paramount concern the long term welfare of the corporation. As Hutton says, the consequence [of tax arrangements] has been a flood of institutional savings and acute demand for dividends and the foreshortening of investment time horizons 10. In addition, it has been shown that when dissatisfied with the performance of a corporation, many institutional shareholders would prefer to sell their shareholding than to play some sort of supervisory or monitoring role in the corporation 11. Another problem facing institutional shareholders is how to reconcile their roles as shareholders owning shares in many listed companies with their role as investors of funds 12. Given that their primary motivation is to make profit for their investors, they compete fiercely with each other to attract funds in order to ensure a high return on their investments 13. Consequently, when faced with mismanagement it is easier for them to sell than to hold management to account. Further, it has been argued that even when institutional shareholders were willing to intervene in the corporations affairs, there are practical obstacles which make it difficult for them to do so. One of these is what is commonly referred to as the motivation factor. Proctor and Miles define it as follows There is a disincentive for single institutional shareholders to expend time, effort and resources correcting what they perceive as bad management if other fellow institutional shareholders do not also support this action. Institutional shareholders have different priorities and agendas at any one time. It may be difficult to pool resources to tackle together what to some institutional shareholders may not be a problem at all. 14 In light of the challenges institutional shareholders face in monitoring management of companies, the Anglo American model can only be successful if there are other mechanisms in place which can be used to protect shareholders 15. The main focus of the Anglo American model is in the protection of shareholders 16. In this respect, both the UK and US system are similar in the way corporate directors and senior managers are held accountable to their shareholders 17. Both systems encourage shareholders to work as monitors over managers and senior executives 18. To facilitate this monitoring process, shareholders have many statutory rights and common law rights. The main right afforded to shareholders that provide them with a means of controlling the management of the company is their statutory right to vote on decisions at the Annual General Meeting (AGM) 19 . The AGM is an annual meeting which shareholders are entitled to attend 20. At this meeting, the shareholders are informed about the previous and future activities of the corporation 21. It is an opportunity for them to receive copies of the companys accounts as well as review fiscal information for the past year and ask any questions regarding the directions the business will take in the future 22. In addition, the shareholders are able to elect the Board of Directors 23. This right is designed to operate as a check on the managerial actions of the Board of Directors and executive management. Shareholders are able to participate in discussion regarding the companys welfare and vote on important affairs relating to the company 24. While the right to vote at a corporations AGM may at first glance appears to be an effective means for shareholders to protect their interest, in practical terms this is often not the case. Publicly held companies usually consist of a large number of small owners who own very small fractions of the corporations shares 25. Having a small proportion of the corporate equity means that shareholders have little influence on managerial decisions 26. Furthermore, due to the fact that their shareholding is insignificant, it is unlikely to give them any real power at AGMs where they are suppose to be able to exercise their legal rights. As a result, many shareholders are not incentivised to attend AGMs. For this reason, the Anglo American model has additional mechanisms which are designed to enhance the control of the managers by shareholders. Most, if not all, of these legal and organisational safeguards have been devised in response to abuses of corporate power by managers who fail to put t he interests of shareholders first. These mechanisms are intended to encourage minority shareholders to be active in protecting their rights and holding directors accountable for actions 27. The three main mechanisms which will be discussed below are cumulate voting, appraisal rights and shareholders derivative action 28. Cumulative voting is a process by which minority shareholders are permitted to cast all their votes in the election of directors for a single candidate 29. Through this process, the power of the minority is strengthened because they are able to pool their votes together and secure a member of the Board who they feel confident will look after their interests in the corporation 30. Shareholders are also given the right to seek appraisal of their shares in certain fundamental transactions for example where a merger takes place. In these circumstances, a shareholder can seek a court valuation of their shares based upon fair value and be paid in cash 31. This right to sell ones shares can be seen as a protective measure for shareholders, because it encourages directors to seek the highest price in such transactions so as to avoid several shareholders exercising this right 32. Having said so, there are some disadvantages to this right. In most cases the methods of valuation are conservative and therefore shareholders do not necessarily benefit in real terms. The process is time consuming and payments need not be made until the process is complete. Attorneys and experts fees can be high and interest is not assured. Of all of these rights, the derivative suit against directors is probably the strongest tool which can be used by shareholders, particularly minority shareholders. A derivative suit is a claim brought by a shareholder on behalf of the corporation against parties allegedly causing harm to the corporation 33 . This right strengthens the position of shareholders, in particular minority shareholders. As a common law country where case law principles are well developed and where shareholders are said to be better protected, judicial intervention is believed to be an essential element of good corporate governance. A derivative action would not be effective unless the management of a corporation has a duty to its shareholders. The board of directors is a critical part of the corporation and as a result must be held to account to the corporations owners if good corporate governance is to prevail. In the UK, directors are subject to common law fiduciary duties and case law still plays a central role in holding managers and board of directors accountable to the corporation as a separate legal entity. Seeing the relationship between the directors and shareholders as one of agency implies that directors should be elected by shareholders and can be dismissed by them at the AGM. The focus therefore is clearly on ensuring that those who manage the corporation are always acting in the best interest of the corporations shareholders. The lean of the Anglo American system to protect the interests of shareholders is most evident when looking at the manner in which it deals with takeovers and acquisitions of corporations. In instances where there is a takeover bid, shareholders need to be given an opportunity to decide on the merits of a takeover so as to ensure that shareholders of the same class are afforded equivalent treatment by an offeror and thus are being treated fairly. The Anglo American model therefore provides a degree of protection to shareholders in instances where a corporation is subject to a takeover bid. For example, in the UK, the City Code on Takeovers and Mergers 7777 (the City Code) ensures that shareholders are treated fairly and are not denied an opportunity to protect their interest 8888. The City Code essentially essentially all defensive actions when a takeover bid is pending or when the target has reason to believe that a bona fide offer might be imminent 9999. Once a bid is made, any defensive action requires shareholder approval. This means management of the corporation cannot supersede the interests of its shareholder, who so ever it shall be. UK case law emphasises that the fundamental decision on takeovers belongs to shareholders, not incumbent managers and generally holds that management actions which go against shareholders rights are not pursuant to a proper purpose and therefore fall outside the scope of the delegated management authority afforded by the common law. Disclosure and Transparency Disclosure and transparency are important in managing the relationship between shareholders on the one hand and the executive management on the other. Shareholders have a right to make decisions in relation to the corporation based on information that is accurate and correct 1. This is the only way they can be sure that the corporation is being managed properly. Financial reporting frauds have attracted high-profile attention recently provoked by widespread irregularities at large corporations 2. It is managements responsibility to prevent such problems before they begin 31. To do so, it is necessary to establish a control environment designed to identify and immediately stamp out any fraudulent reporting that does occur 32. One of the tools which is used to protect shareholders interests in this respect is the audit committee 3. An audit committee is an operating committee of the Board of Directors charged with oversight of financial reporting and disclosure 4 . Committee members are drawn from members of the companys board of directors, with a Chairperson selected from among the committee members 33. To be effective, the committee must be composed of independent outside directors with at least one qualifying as a financial expert 34. The audit committee plays an important role as a board subcommittee. The Smith Report 5 explains its role as follows: While all directors have a duty to act in the interests of the company, the audit committee has a particular role, acting independently from the executive, to ensure that the interests of shareholders are properly protected in relation to financial reporting and internal control. An analysis of the corporate governance codes of twenty European countries by Collier and Zaman (2005) 6 showed that their codes assign a set of functions which should be fulfilled by an audit committee as follows: a) oversight of external audit; b) oversight of internal audit; c) involvement in external auditor selection or dismissal; d) oversight of risk and internal control reporting by the board; and e) oversight of financial reporting quality. In carrying out these functions, the committee operates as a liaison between the Board, external auditors, internal auditors, the finance director and the operating 7 . They are for all intents and purposes the final safeguard in ensuring the financial statements of the corporation which are released to shareholders and other stakeholders are accurate. The Board often relies on the audit committee to notice and question any unusual business practices, aggressive accounting methods or violations of the companys code of business conduct. But at many companies audit committee members may not have the expertise in matters of internal control 8. In addition, some people serving on audit committees have very little accounting or financial experience 9. Accordingly, audit committee members need a reference guide to their responsibilities. That is the function of an audit committee charter 10. A comprehensive charter enhances the effectiveness of the audit committee, serving as a road map fo r committee members 11. A well-thought-out charter also should describe the committees composition and specify access to appropriate resources. OECD PRINCIPLES Good corporate governance is key to the integrity of corporations, financial institutions and markets 1. They also play an important role in promoting the health and stability of a states economy. Many international organizations have come to understand the importance of good corporate governance including the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 2. To this end, the OECD established the first set of internationally acceptable standards of corporate governance, known as the OECD Principles, which have become a reference point used by both developed and developing countries not only for self-assessment but also for issuing and developing codes of best practice 3. The OECD work in corporate governance is centered on promoting the implementation of these principles throughout the world. They are arguably one of the most substantial efforts made to highlight the importance which should be given to corporate governance. The OECD Principles were first released in 1999 and revised in 2004 4. It sets out the key standards of corporate governance which are required for international financial stability. The Principles are intended to assist governments to evaluate and improve the legal, institutional and regulatory framework for corporate governance in their own countries 5. The Principles primarily focus on publicly traded companies, but provide a good guideline for other forms of corporations. The main principles of the OECD Principles 6are: The corporate governance framework should promote transparent and efficient markets, be consistent with the rule of law and clearly articulate the division of responsibilities among different supervisory, regulatory and enforcement authorities. The corporate governance framework should protect and facilitate the exercise of shareholders rights. The corporate governance framework should ensure the equitable treatment of all shareholders, including minority and foreign shareholders. All shareholders should have the opportunity to obtain effective redress for violation of their rights. The corporate governance framework should recognise the rights of stakeholders established by law or through mutual agreements and encourage active co-operation between corporations and stakeholders in creating wealth, jobs, and the sustainability of financially sound enterprises. The corporate governance framework should ensure that timely and accurate disclosure is made on all material matters regarding the corporation, including the financial situation, performance, ownership, and governance of the company. The corporate governance framework should ensure the strategic guidance of the company, the effective monitoring of management by the board, and the boards accountability to the company and the shareholders. In addition to the OECD, business-related organizations like the Centre for International Private Enterprise have also considered corporate governance to be important in the promotion of good business practices 7. The Centre has an affiliate located in Egypt which was established to educate, raise the awareness of the importance of establishing suitable corporate governance standards in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. 8

Chemistry (Redox)

Experiment 1 : Redox Titration Using Sodium Thiosulphate Abstract This experiment is to determine the concentration of oxidizing solution using the iodine/ thiosulphate titration where the reducing solution is potassium iodate solution and the oxidizing solution is sodium thiosulphate solution. Potassium iodate solution which is an oxidizing agent is added into an excess solution of acidified potassium iodide. This reaction will release iodine. Potassium iodide is acidified with sulphuric acid and the iodine released quickly titrated with sodium thiosulphate until it become light yellow.The iodine then detected with starch solution and it turn into dark blue solution and titrated again with sodium thiosulphate until colourless. From the reaction occur, the amount of the iodine can be determined and based on this amount, the concentration of oxidizing agent which released iodine can be determined. Introduction Redox titration using sodium thiosulphate as a reducing agent is also known as iodometric titration. The reaction is:- I2(aq) + 2NA2S2O3(aq) 2Nal(aq) + 2Na2S4O6(aq) I2(aq) + 2S2O32-(aq)2I-(aq) + S4O62-(aq) In this equation, I2 has been reduced to I-: S2O32-(aq)S4O62-(aq) + 2e- I2(aq) + 2e- 2I-(aq) The iodine/ thiosulphate titration is a general method for determining the concentration of oxidizing solution. A known volume of an oxidizing agent is added into an excess solution of acidified potassium iodide. The reaction will release iodine:- Example: a. With KMnO4 2MnO4-(aq) + 16H+ (aq)+ 10I-(aq) 2Mn2+(aq) + 5I2(aq) + 8H2O(I) b. With KIO3 O3-(aq) + 5I-(aq) + 6H (aq) 3I2(aq) + 3H2O(aq) The iodine that is released is titrated with a standard thiosulphate solution.From the stoichiometry of the reaction, the amount of iodine can be determined and from this the concentration of the oxidizing agent, which released the iodine, can be calculated. Aims a. To prepare a standard solution of potassium iodate use in determining the concentration of a sodium thiosulphate solution accurately. b. To learn the proper technique for titration. Theory In an iodometric titration, starch solution is used as an indicator as it absorbs the iodine that is released. This absorption will cause the solution to change to a dark blue colour.When this dark blue solution is titrated with the standard thiosulphate, iodine will react with the thiosulphate solution, the dark blue will disappear. So the end point of the titration is when the dark blue solour disappear. It is difficult for iodine to dissolve in water. Iodine is usually dissolves in water by adding an excess of KI so that KI3, which has similar properties to iodine, is formed. I2(aq) + KI(aq)KI3 .I3-(aq) + 2e-3I-(aq) APPARATUS AND CHEMICALS 50-mL beaker250-mL volumetric flask Glass rodBurette 25-mL pipettePipette filler 3 ? 250-mL conical flaskMagnetic fleaPotassium iodate crystals (KIO3)Potassium iodide (KI) 1M H2SO4Starch solution ca. 0. 1M sodium thiosulphate solution Level of miniscus Pull the stopcoc k in against the taper each time you turn it. A sheet of white paper or towel below the flask will help in recognizing the colour change at the end point. Swirl the flask continuosly until one drop of titrant causes a colour change throughout the entire solution. Swirl the flask continuously until the drop of titrant causes a colour change throughout the entire solution. METHODOLOGY : A. Preparation of potassium iodate solution . 0. 75 g of potassium iodate crystals is weighed accurately in 50-mL beaker. 2. 25 mL distilled water are added into beaker and stirred with glass rod to dissolve all the potassium iodate. 3. The potassium iodate solution is poured into a 250-mL volumetric flask. The beaker is rinsed with distilled water and the washings are poured into the volumetric flask. 4. Distilled water is added to the volumetric flask up to the graduated level. The volumetric flask is stoppered and shook well in order to get a homogeneous solution. B. Standardization of 0. M sodium t hiosulphate solution 1. A burette is filled with the 0. 1M sodium thiosulphate solution to be standardized. There are no air bubbles in the burette. 2. The initial reading of the burette is recorded in table 1. 1. 3. 25-mL of standard potassium iodate solution prepared in part A are pipetted into a 250-mL conical flask and a magnetic flea is added into conical flask. 4. 1 g of potassium iodide, KI, is weighed approximately and it is placed in a 50-mL beaker. 5. 10. 0 mL of 1. 0M sulphuric acid solution are added and are swirled until all the KI dissolved. . This solution is added to the conical flask containing the potassium iodate solution and it is immediately titrated with the sodium thiosulphate solution, while it is stirred using a stirrer hot plate, until a ligth yellow solution is obtained. Then, the solution is diluted with distilled water until the total volume is about 100 mL. Then, 1. 0 mL of starch solution is added and the titration is continued until the blue colour di sappears and the solution become colourless. . The final reading of the burette is recorded in the table 1. 1 . The procedures are repeated twice as the results is more accurate. CALCULATIONS : 1. Complete chemical reaction equation for reaction between ; i. iodate and iodide ions, IO3- + 5I-+ 6H+ >3I2 + 3H2O ii. iodine and thiosulphate ions, [ I2 + S2 O32- > 2I- + S4O62-]? 3 > 3I2 + 6S2 O32- > 6I- + 3S4O62- 2. Calculate the molarity of the KIO3 solution. Mass of KIO3 = 0. 75 g Volume of KIO3 = 250 mL Relative molecular mass of KIO3, = 39. 0983+126. 9045+3(15. 994) = 214. 001 g mol-1 Number of mole KIO3, = 0. 75 g ? 214. 001 g mol-1 = 0. 0035 mol Thus, Molarity of KIO3, = 0. 0035 mol ? 0. 25 L = 0. 014 mol L-1 3. The mole ratio between the iodate and thiosulphate ions is determine from the equation given are IO3- + 5I-+ 6H+ >3I2 + 3H2O [ I2 + S2 O32- > 2I- + S4O62-]? 3 3I2 + 6S2O32-> 6I- + 3S4O62- IO- : 6S4O62- 1:6 4. The molarity of the sodium thiosulphate bM1V1 = aM2V2 6(0. 014)(0 . 50) = 1(M2)(0. 021) M2= 2 M2= 0. 0210. 0211 = 0. 995 mol 5. The molarity of potassium iodide solution IO3- + 5I-+ 6H+ >3I2 + 3H2O Moles of KI- = 1g ? 1 mole of KI39+127 Molarity of KI3 = aM2V2bV2 = 1(21. 14100L)(0. 1008M)6101000L =0. 0355 M KIO3 Moles of KI3 = MV1000 =0. 003? 101000 =0. 00036 mol KIO3 Excess mole of I- = 0. 0060 – 0. 0018 =0. 0042 mol I- 0. 0060 mol0. 0042 mol = 250 mlx X =17. 5 mL 3I2 + 6S2O32-> 6I- + 3S4O62- Ratio of iodide to thiosulphate 5 : 6 bM1V1 = aM2V2 Molarity of KI = 50. 1008g(21. 141000l)6(17. 51000l) =0. 1014 M KI DISCUSSIONRedox titration using sodium thiosulphate is also known as iodometric titration. Sodium thiosulphate acts as reducing agent an at the same time it undergoes oxidation and release electron. In this titration, potassium iodate, KIO3, is used as an oxidizing agent. Potassium iodate solution is added into an excess solution of acidified potassium. This reaction release iodine. Iodine reacts with sodium thiosulphate. The reaction is: I2 (aq) + 2Na2S2O3 (aq) 2NaI (aq) +Na2S4O6 (aq) I2 (aq) + 2S2O32- (aq) 2I- (aq) + N4O62- (aq)In this equation I2 has been reduced to I- 2S2O32- (aq) S4O62- (aq) + 2e- I2 (aq) + 2e- 2I- (aq) In this iodometric titration, we use starch solution as an indicator as it absorbs the iodine that is released. The absorption causes the solution to change to dark blue colour. When the dark blue solution is titrated with the standard thiosulphate, iodine react with the thiosulphate solution. When all the iodine has reacted with the thiosulphate solution, the dark blue colour disappear. So, it is the end point of the titration when the dark blue colour disappear.However, there are a few aspects that need to be considered during the experiment. Firstly, the indicator should only be added after the titration has begun. This is because it is difficult to release the iodine while titrating with the thiosulphate. This will affect the end point. Hence, the addition of the starch should only be do ne when the colour of the solution is light yellow. Secondly, to avoid the iodine from evaporating, the solution must be titrated immediately with the sodium thiosulphate after the solution is mixed with potassium iodide,KI. The precaution taken: Wear safety goggles in the laboratory during the experiment. * Washed the effected skin immediately when in contact with chemicals * Wear gloves when taken the chemical substances. CONCLUSION The experiment was performed in order to determine the concentration of oxidizing solution. Potassium iodate, KIO3, as an oxidizing agent is added into an excess solution of acidified potassium iodide and from the reaction, iodine is released. The iodine that is released is titrated with a standard sodium thiosulphate. From the calculation, the molarity of potassium iodate is 0. 014g/cm3.

Subnetting Questions

Subnetting Questions ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1 Identify the Number of Subnets and Hosts 1. You have been assigned the IP network address of 135. 65. 0. 0 and have selected 255. 255. 240. 0 as the subnet mask. How many valid subnet addresses are available? 2. You have a network address of 132. 66. 0. 0 and a subnet mask of 255. 255. 240. 0. Find the number of the valid subnets and how many possible host addresses are on each subnet excluding addresses of all 1s and all 0s. 3. You have a network address of 165. 35. 0. 0 and have selected 255. 255. 92. 0 as the subnet mask value. How many possible subnets are there? ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2 Identify the Number of Subnets and Hosts 1. You have a network address of 220. 16. 22. 0 and have selected 255. 255. 255. 224 as the subnet mask value. How many possible subnets are there? 2. You have a network address of 199 . 112. 199. 0 and have selected 255. 255. 255. 240 as the subnet mask value. How many possible subnets are there? 3. You have a network address of 133. 233. 11. 0 and have selected 255. 255. 255. 240 as the subnet mask value.How many possible hosts are on each subnet, excluding subnet address and broadcast address? ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3 Select a Subnet Mask 1. Your client has a class B network address and needs to support 500 hosts on as many subnets as possible. Which subnet mask should you recommend? 2. Your client has a class B IP network address and needs to support 60 hosts on as many subnets as possible. Which subnet mask should you recommend? 3. You are configuring a network and have been assigned the network address of 212. 109. 55. 0.You want to subnet the network to allow for 10 subnets with 7 hosts per subnet. What subnet mask should you use? 4. Your network has been assigned the IP address of 131. 66. 0. 0 for your network. You have determined that you need 16 subnets to allow for growth. What subnet mask value would you use? 5. You have been assigned 197. 177. 25. 0 for your network. You have determined that you need 5 subnets to allow for growth. What subnet mask would you use? Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 4 Select a Subnet Mask 1. You have been assigned 195. 1. 13. 0 for your network. You have determined that you need 8 subnets to allow for growth. What subnet mask would you use? 2. You have been assigned 140. 225. 0. 0 for your network. You have determined that you need 39 subnets to allow for growth. What subnet mask would you use? ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5 Select a Subnet Mask 1. Your network has been assigned 200. 55. 6. 0 as the network address. You have determined that you need six subnets. Which of the following should you use as your subnet mask to prov ide four subnets? A. 255. 55. 255. 128 B. 255. 255. 255. 192 C. 255. 255. 255. 224 D. 255. 255. 255. 240 E. 255. 255. 255. 248 F. 255. 255. 255. 252 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6 Select a Subnet Mask 1. Your network has been assigned 168. 11. 0. 0 as the network address. You have determined that you need 70 subnets. Which subnet mask value should you select to provide 70 subnets? A. 255. 255. 252. 0 B. 255. 255. 248. 0 C. 255. 255. 240. 0 D. 255. 255. 254. 0 E. 255. 255. 255. 0 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Select a Subnet Mask 1. You are configuring a network and have been assigned the network address of 212. 12. 12. 0. You want to subnet the network to allow for 15 subnets with 20 hosts per subnet. What subnet mask should you use? A. 255. 255. 255. 128 B. 255. 255. 255. 240 C. 255. 255. 255. 192 D. 255. 255. 255. 248 E. 255. 255. 255. 224 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8 Identify Valid Subnets 1. You have a network address of 132. 66. 0. 0 and a subnet mask of 255. 255. 224. 0. Which four of the following are valid subnet addresses?A. 132. 66. 224. 0 B. 132. 66. 255. 0 C. 132. 98. 0. 0 D. 132. 66. 0. 0 E. 132. 66. 192. 0 F. 132. 66. 96. 0 G. 132. 130. 0. 0 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9 Identify Valid Subnets 1. You have a network address of 133. 233. 11. 0 and a subnet mask of 255. 255. 240. 0. Which three of the following are valid subnet addresses? A. 133. 233. 27. 0 B. 133. 233. 11. 248 C. 133. 233. 11. 232 D. 133. 233. 11. 176 E. 133. 233. 43. 0 F. 133. 233. 11. 240 G. 133. 233. 11. 48 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 10 Identify Valid Subnets 1. You have a network address of 201. 79. 187. 0 and a subnet mask of 255. 255. 255. 192. Which three of the following are valid subne t addresses? A. 201. 79. 187. 48 B. 201. 79. 187. 224 C. 201. 79. 187. 64 D. 201. 79. 187. 32 E. 201. 79. 187. 1 F. 201. 79. 187. 192 G. 201. 79. 187. 128 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11 Identify Valid Subnets 1. You have a network address of 129. 111. 0. 0 and a subnet mask of 255. 255. 224. 0. Which two of the following are valid subnet addresses? A. 129. 111. 60. 0 B. 129. 175. 0. 0 C. 129. 111. 0. 96 D. 129. 111. 0. 32 E. 129. 111. 96. 0 F. 129. 143. 0. 0 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12 Identifying the Host Range 1. You have a network address of 202. 200. 55. 0 with a subnet mask of 255. 255. 255. 224. Which of the following is the broadcast address for subnet 202. 200. 55. 96? A. 202. 200. 55. 1 B. 202. 200. 55. 96 C. 202. 200. 55. 97 D. 202. 200. 55. 111 E. 202. 200. 55. 127 F. 202. 200. 55. 255 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights rese rved. Cisco Public 13Identifying the Host Range 1. You have a network address of 160. 88. 0. 0 with a subnet mask of 255. 255. 248. 0. Which of the following is the broadcast address for subnet 160. 88. 64. 0? A. 160. 88. 64. 255 B. 160. 88. 71. 255 C. 160. 88. 95. 255 D. 160. 88. 127. 255 E. 160. 88. 255. 255 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14 Identifying the Host Range 1. What is the IP address on subnet 202. 177. 48. 64 if the mask value is 255. 255. 255. 240? A. 202. 177. 48. 255 B. 202. 177. 48. 95 C. 202. 177. 48. 112 D. 202. 177. 48. 127 E. 202. 77. 48. 79 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15 Identifying the Host Range 1. A host on the network has an IP address of 223. 233. 11. 101 with a subnet mask of 255. 255. 255. 240. What is the subnet address of this host? 2. A host on the network has an IP address of 197. 65. 251. 125 with a subnet mask of 255. 255. 255. 240. Wh at is the subnet address of this host? 3. A host on the network has an IP address of 201. 79. 187. 236 with a subnet mask of 255. 255. 255. 192. What is the subnet address of this host? ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16 Identifying the Host Range 1. What is the broadcast address for subnet 200. 195. 55. 64/29? 2. You have a network address of 129. 111. 0. 0 and a subnet mask of 255. 255. 224. 0. Which three of the following are valid host addresses for the subnet 129. 111. 64. 0? A. 129. 111. 48. 69 B. 129. 111. 32. 122 C. 129. 111. 93. 166 D. 129. 111. 89. 0 E. 129. 111. 0. 66 F. 129. 111. 65. 11 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17 Identifying the Host Range 1. You have a network address of 233. 33. 11. 0 and a subnet mask of 255. 255. 255. 224. Which three of the following are valid host addresses for the subnet 233. 233. 11. 32? A. 233. 233. 11. 52 B. 233. 233. 11. 61 C. 233. 233. 11. 39 D. 233. 233. 15. 32 E. 233. 233. 11. 33 F. 233. 233. 125. 32 G. 233. 233. 11. 44 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18 Identifying the Host Range 1. You have a network address of 132. 66. 0. 0 and a subnet mask of 255. 255. 224. 0. Which three of the following are valid host addresses for the subnet 132. 66. 160. 0? A. 132. 66. 161. 0 B. 132. 6. 188. 88 C. 132. 66. 32. 163 D. 132. 66. 48. 111 E. 132. 66. 193. 6 F. 132. 66. 175. 252 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19 Identifying the Host Range 1. You have a network address of 201. 79. 187. 0 and a subnet mask of 255. 255. 255. 192. Which three of the following are valid host addresses for the subnet 201. 79. 187. 128? A. 201. 79. 187. 196 B. 201. 79. 187. 132 C. 201. 79. 187. 166 D. 201. 79. 187. 33 E. 201. 79. 187. 189 F. 201. 79. 187. 12 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisc o Public 20

ACT Test Results How to Get and Interpret Your Results

ACT Test Results How to Get and Interpret Your Results SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you took the ACT recently, you’re probably eager to see how you did so you can send your scores to colleges or prepare for the next test date. But how do you get your score report, and what’s the best way to interpret your scores? In this article, I’ll go through how and when you can get your report, what’s on it, and how to get the most out of the information you’re given. How Do I Get My ACT Scores? Your multiple choice scores will be available online in your ACT Web Account about two weeks after you take the ACT.If you took Writing, those scores are available about two weeks after your multiple choice scores (so four weeks, give or take, after the test).The ACT says score reports are usually available 2-8 weeks after the test, which seems like a huge window. They're just trying to account for weird circumstances that sometimes cause scores to take longer, like an irregularity at your test center or answer documents from your test center arriving late. Barring anything out of the ordinary, you should expect to see your scores online no later than four weeks after the ACT.After this point, you can start sending them to schools. Unfortunately, there isno way to speed up the actual scoring process; you can only use rush reporting to send scores to colleges after your scores are released. What Will Be on My ACT Score Report? The first thing you’ll see on your score report is your composite score. This is the large number on the top left in the box labeled â€Å"Your ACT Scores†.You’ll also get a set of percentages with your composite score.These percentages give you your score percentile as compared to students in your state (the first bar) and in the US as a whole (the second bar). It's the percentage of students who were at or below your score level on the test. Next, you’ll see your scores broken down by section. English is split into two categories of questions: Usage/Mechanics and Rhetorical Skills Math is split into three categories of questions: Pre-Algebra/Elementary Algebra, Algebra/Coordinate Geometry, and Plane Geometry/Trigonometry Reading is split into two categories of questions: Social Studies/Sciences and Arts/Literature Science doesn’t have any breakdown of categories. It just lists one score for the whole section. For English, Math, and Reading, you'll see a score for each section and then scores for the categories beneath the sections (for Science there's only the one complete score).For each test section score and question category score you'll also see a bar that shows you your score percentile. The question category subscores can range from 1-18, and the test section scores range from 1-36 just like your full composite score.Note that the scores you see for the categories under each test section score don't necessarily add up to the section score. Your Writing score will be listed below all of these scores if you took the ACT with Writing.This score is reported on a scale of 2-12 (starting with the September 2016 ACT). There are four domain categories below the Writing score, each of which is also scored from 2-12. The ACT averages these scores to arrive at your final score out of 12. Just like with the other sections, you'll see percentile bars next to each of these scores to indicate how you compare to other students. Below your main scores, you'll see an "ELA score" and a "STEM score." The ELA score is the average of your English, Reading, and Writing (converted to a value out of 36) scores. The STEM score is the average of your Math and Science scores. Both of these are recorded on a scale of 1-36. Consult the ACT websiteto see an example of what a real score report looks like. What Do I Do With This Information From My ACT Results? So you have all these numbers, but who cares? How can they help you do better next time?If you know where your weak spots lie, it’s going to be much easier to focus your studying.Here are a couple examples of actions you might take based on what you see on your score report: Case #1: You Aced Algebra But Missed a Lot of Trigonometry Questions This indicates that you have a content-based problem with trigonometry. Maybe you didn’t know all the formulas or you're not familiar with the best strategies to solve these types of problems.Review all the formulas you need to know for ACT Math as related to trigonometry. Also review what’s tested on ACT Math, and make sure you’re familiar with all the material. If you see something you feel shaky on, try some practice questions for that topic.Look intothese strategies for improving your math performance as well. Case #2: You Did Well on English, But your Writing Score Was Low The essay can be one of the toughest aspects of the ACT, especially because it comes at the end of the test when you’re tired already. Though the ELA subscore doesn't affect your overall ACT score, many top colleges are still interested in your performance on the essay. If you had trouble with the essay, take a look at these tips for improving your score.Since you did well on the English section, you probably don’t have a problem with grammar and sentence structure. You might just need to work on organizing your thoughts better overall and providing better examples to support your argument. Case #3: You Struggled with Science and Reading If you had issues with these sections, it probably means you need to work on reading passages more efficiently and interpreting them correctly.Check out these strategies for bothscience passages and reading passages.The Science and Reading sections actually require similar skills, namely skimming over information and making fast-paced judgments about the content. If you think the time constraints caused you to miss questions, review these strategies for time management on both sections. Experiment with different strategies for approaching ACT science passages...heh A Final Word on Score Reports Your score report is a helpful study tool that will give you more information about areas on the test where you need to make improvements.It might also be a good idea to order Test Information Release for the ACT, which provides a more in-depth look at your scores and the specific questions you missed. Read more about this service here. Compare your score report to your target scores so you can see how much you need to study before the next test! What's Next? If you're trying to figure out when you should take the ACT again, use this guide to find out which test date is right for you. Check out these study plans to get an idea of how you might plan out your prep in advance of the next test date. Frustrated with your score? Learn how to get a perfect 36 on the ACT, and check out these more detailed guides on doing well on ACT English, Math, Reading, and Science. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Samantha Lindsay About the Author Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. In high school, she earned a 2400 on the SAT, 5's on all seven of her AP tests, and was named a National Merit Scholar. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. No spam ever. hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '360031', formId: '2167ba30-e68e-4777-b88d-8bf3c84579af', formInstanceId: '2', submitButtonClass: 'btn-red-light btn', target: '#hubspot-container2', redirectUrl: 'http://ww2.prepscholar.com/blog-subscribe-thank-you', css: '.post-bottom .hs-form.stacked label {display:none;} .post-bottom .hs-form.stacked .field div.input {padding-top: 55px; padding-left: 300px;} .post-bottom .hs-input {width: 220px} .post-bottom .btn-primary, .hs-button.primary {margin-top:0px; padding-left:350px} .post-bottom .hs-form-field {margin-bottom:5px}' }); $(function(){ $(".exclusive-tip-form #hubspot-container2 label").hide(); }); function replace_tag(a, b){ $(a).each(function(index) { var thisTD = this; var newElement = $(""); $.each(this.attributes, function(index) { $(newElement).attr(thisTD.attributes[index].name, thisTD.attributes[index].value); }); $(this).after(newElement).remove(); }); } $(function(){ replace_tag($(".posts-by-topic h3"), "h2"); }) Ask a Question BelowHave any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply! Search the Blog Search jQuery(function(){ var $ = jQuery; var url = 'http://google.com/search?q=site:' + location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + ' '; var $searchModule = $('.hs-search-module.66e53786-26ab-4d83-bf4d-a70e960ac708'); var $input = $searchModule.find('input'); var $button = $searchModule.find('.hs-button.primary'); if (false) { $input.val(decodeURIComponent(location.pathname.split('/').join(' ').split('.').join(' ').split('-').join(' ').split('_').join(''))); } $button.click(function(){ var newUrl = url + $input.val(); var win = window.open(newUrl, '_blank'); if (win) { //Browser has allowed it to be opened win.focus(); } else { //Browser has blocked it location.href = newUrl; } }); $input.keypress(function(e){ if (e.keyCode !== 13) return; e.preventDefault(); $button.click(); }); }); Improve With Our Famous Guides SATPrep ACTPrep For All Students The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Score 800 on SAT Math Score 800 on SAT Reading Score 800 on SAT Writing Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section: Score 600 on SAT Math Score 600 on SAT Reading Score 600 on SAT Writing Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For? 15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: 36 on ACT English 36 on ACT Math 36 on ACT Reading 36 on ACT Science Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section: 24 on ACT English 24 on ACT Math 24 on ACT Reading 24 on ACT Science What ACT target score should you be aiming for? ACT Vocabulary You Must Know ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA How to Write an Amazing College Essay What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For? Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide Should you retake your SAT or ACT? When should you take the SAT or ACT? Michael improved by 370 POINTS! Find Out How Stay Informed Get the latest articles and test prep tips! Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: GRE Online Prep Blog GMAT Online Prep Blog TOEFL Online Prep Blog

Beowulf Essays - Beowulf, Geats, English-language Films, Free Essays

Beowulf Essays - Beowulf, Geats, English-language Films, Free Essays Beowulf The story of Beowulf is one of courage, nobility, and heroism. Beowulf possesses each of these attributes both as a young prince and an elder king. These qualities allow him to become the honored king that he was, yet they also lead to his death. His actions are to be viewed as a precedent for young princes and future kings. Clearly every young prince inspires to earn enough respect to become king in their latter years. Beowulf first earns this respect when he sails to Herot to kill Grendel, the monster that has been keeping the soldiers out of their home. Upon arrival in Herot, Beowulf brags of his past accomplishments, in order to earn some respect from Hrothgar and his men. In my youth I have set about many brave deeds?I had bound five, destroyed a family of giants, and at night in the waves slain water-monsters, suffered great pain, avenged an affliction of the Weater-Geats on those who had asked for trouble- ground enemies to bits. And now alone I shall settle affairs with Grendel, the monster, the demon. (Page 32) While this beast has killed many of Hrothgar?s men, Beowulf vows to destroy him with his bare hands. Even after doing as he so promised, Beowulf has still not finished his duties. The following day, he is faced with another challenge; killing Grendel?s angry mother. When Beowulf is asked to perform this task, he accepts whole heatedly , as he sees it as another chance to gain fame, "Let him who may get glory before death: that is best for the warrior after he has gone from life."(page 45) Once again, Beowulf returns successful in his battle with the monster, only to increase his popularity within his people. These courageous and heroic deeds are expected of any young or aging prince. Clearly Beowulf?s brave encounters with these monsters show his king and followers that he is worthy of becoming a fearless leader. However, his ability to rule goes beyond those feats in battle. Beowulf was showered with gifts of gold and riches for his tremendous achievements of killing the monsters. This is where his manner is shown to be one of strong moral. While he could have easily kept them all for himself, Beowulf gives his rewards to his king, Higlac; as he was instructed to do. In addition, Beowulf declined his first offering at the throne. His sense of morality and loyalty to Higlac tells him that it is only right for Higlac?s son to take the throne before himself. These decent acts should be wisely followed by a young prince. When Beowulf accepts the role of King of the Geats, he does not change as a person or as a warrior. Once again, a monster is brought to the attention of Beowulf, this time in his own land. Even in his old age, Beowulf vows to fight this dragon on his own. Yet this battle was not to be fought for his own fame, yet for the safety of his people. Beowulf attacks the dragon as he had done so many times in the past, in hope of a victory. However, he quickly learns that his strength and armor are no match for the fire breathing dragon. As the fight comes to a close, Beowulf lies dying on the ground, with all but one man left to his aid. Although the dragon was defeated, the Geats lost their honorable king. He died doing what any good leader would, defending his land and people. Beowulf?s mistake was to let his ego take over, as he tried to take on the dragon alone. This is especially notable for a young prince to follow. While it is necessary to be brave and courageous, a prince of king must know his own limitations in order to succeed.

Stem cell research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stem cell - Research Proposal Example The Mbd3/NuRD complex needed for the above conversion is needed for the development of pluripotent cells. Kaji K, Caballero IM, MacLeod R, Nichols J, Wilson VA and Hendrich B carried out further research and showed that ES cells lacking Mbd3, though viable, were unable to silence the gene expression prior to embryo implantation. Yamanaka and Takahashi converted adult somatic cells in mice to iPS cells through the forced expression of four factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. I hope to further investigate the role that epigenetic silencing plays in pluripotent cells. This field of research still remains open for the purpose of further study and I would like to work on a cell line of mouse ES cells that have retained their pluripotent nature to understand the underlying process of gene silencing and defined genetic program repression in them. The role that the Leukemia Inhibitory factor (LIF) plays in developmental lineages would also be a part of the research

Analyze the case and answer the questions Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyze the and answer the questions - Case Study Example The level of hemoglobin of a patient who is suffering from lymphocytosis is likely to drop to about 7.4g/dL. This means that the red blood cell count may be reduced if anemia is present secondary to bone marrow infiltration with cancer cells. The level of platelets of a patient that has ALL will be low. The symptoms include pitting edema, petechia, bone pain, generalized weakness and anemia. There are numerous pains that are associated Acute lymphoblastic leukemia which include excessive brusing, joint pain, bome pain, enlarged lymp nodes and swelling of stoamch. (Johannes, 2010). The treatment of lymphocytosis depended on the type of illness. The various causes of lymphocytosis may be used to determine the treat the type of lymphocytosis. The basic medication is chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The aim of this is to kill all the tumor cells. For pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, this patient was given antibiotic incase he is